Sadly it looks like you have either 1 very big issue or 2 big issues and I'm not sure which one is better.
Volume Manager (volmgr.sys) is a system driver which handles the logical part (file system...) of disks etc.
Fat File System Bsod is a type of Bsod that is related to hard disk issues which includes anything from corrupt files and file system to bad sectors and /or driver issues.
The problem is that normally those 2 errors are VERY rare to pop concurrently and sadly either of those has an easy solution and the steps that you need to do are many in which case I would advise you to use google to find step by step guides on how to perform those tasks.
Before you start tho, first make sure you unplug ANY other device except the mouse, especially if its an external hard disk and see if the laptop boots. If it does then there is a software (driver) or hardware incompatibility that you need to solve. If you installed something recently that may be the cause of those errors, a system restore might just do the trick fine.
Now after you do the above, and always best to do from safe mode or a PE boot disk or win 10 installation disk :
1. Search for how to fix your disks for file system errors and/or corrupt files and physical hard disk errors (probably chkdks etc as
@00Proteus00 showed above), for example google
fix corrupt files windows 10.
2. Update your system and device drivers as there might be an issue there
3. Run
sfc /scannow to possibly refresh corrupt windows installation if there is an issue there.
If the above seems complicated (they can be) a quick way is to save your files... and just reinstall windows. This time though you will add a driver and device at a time and make sure they work with no errors.
If you keep getting errors then sadly its a hardware issue with either a bad hard disk or a RAM stick which means you have to check both.
I can't get to more detailed steps as it would take several pages, but you can find guides with images etc on the web.
Best of luck.
PS, your laptop cooler looks very good which makes me worry more if you still get high temps with that cooler... time to dust the fans