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Alpine Linux V3.15.0 - Small. Simple. Secure.
Alpine Linux is a security-oriented, lightweight Linux distribution based on musl libc and busybox.
Alpine Linux is an independent, non-commercial, general purpose Linux distribution designed for power users who appreciate security, simplicity and resource efficiency.
Small
Alpine Linux is built around musl libc and busybox. This makes it smaller and more resource efficient than traditional GNU/Linux distributions. A container requires no more than 8 MB and a minimal installation to disk requires around 130 MB of storage. Not only do you get a fully-fledged Linux environment but a large selection of packages from the repository.
Binary packages are thinned out and split, giving you even more control over what you install, which in turn keeps your environment as small and efficient as possible.
Simple
Alpine Linux is a very simple distribution that will try to stay out of your way. It uses its own package manager called apk, the OpenRC init system, script driven set-ups and that’s it! This provides you with a simple, crystal-clear Linux environment without all the noise. You can then add on top of that just the packages you need for your project, so whether it’s building a home PVR, or an iSCSI storage controller, a wafer-thin mail server container, or a rock-solid embedded switch, nothing else will get in the way.
Secure
Alpine Linux was designed with security in mind. All userland binaries are compiled as Position Independent Executables (PIE) with stack smashing protection. These proactive security features prevent exploitation of entire classes of zero-day and other vulnerabilities.
Installation
Wiki & Guides
The full lists of changes can be found in the git log.
Official downloads:
Alpine Linux is a security-oriented, lightweight Linux distribution based on musl libc and busybox.
Alpine Linux is an independent, non-commercial, general purpose Linux distribution designed for power users who appreciate security, simplicity and resource efficiency.
Small
Alpine Linux is built around musl libc and busybox. This makes it smaller and more resource efficient than traditional GNU/Linux distributions. A container requires no more than 8 MB and a minimal installation to disk requires around 130 MB of storage. Not only do you get a fully-fledged Linux environment but a large selection of packages from the repository.
Binary packages are thinned out and split, giving you even more control over what you install, which in turn keeps your environment as small and efficient as possible.
Simple
Alpine Linux is a very simple distribution that will try to stay out of your way. It uses its own package manager called apk, the OpenRC init system, script driven set-ups and that’s it! This provides you with a simple, crystal-clear Linux environment without all the noise. You can then add on top of that just the packages you need for your project, so whether it’s building a home PVR, or an iSCSI storage controller, a wafer-thin mail server container, or a rock-solid embedded switch, nothing else will get in the way.
Secure
Alpine Linux was designed with security in mind. All userland binaries are compiled as Position Independent Executables (PIE) with stack smashing protection. These proactive security features prevent exploitation of entire classes of zero-day and other vulnerabilities.
Alpine uses muslc as libc, and BusyBox as core utilities. These choices tend to make Alpine especially minimalist and secure.
-- Alpine Linux has one of the fastest boot times of any operating system.
-- Famous because of its small size, it's heavily used in containers.
-- Also well know for wide use in embedded devices and as a base system for many enterprise routers.
-- The postmarketOS project which is designed to run on mobile devices is based on Alpine Linux.
Alpine Linux follows the principles of the SSS distro: Simple+Small+Secure: due to usage of muslc as the minimalist libc, BusyBox simple coreutils (with possibilities to alternate on inflated original packages of each coreutils tools also) and userland binaries compiled as Position Independent Executables (PIE) with stack smashing protection.
Usage of muslc as the minimalist libc
Its own package manager called apk,
the openrc init system, script driven set-ups and that’s it!
busybox simple coreutils (with possibilities to alternate on inflated original packages of each coreutils tools also)
This provides you with a simple, crystal-clear Linux environment without all the noise, nothing else will get in the way.
All userland binaries are compiled as Position Independent Executables (PIE) with stack smashing protection.
A variety of architectures are officially supports:
x86_64: The popular AMD64 compatible 64-bit x86 based machines, i386 are not recommended for newer/lasted hardware.
x86: (i386 pc 32bit) and x86_64 (i686 pc 64bit and amd64)
armhf: The newer ARM hard-float for newer, more powerful 32-bit devices alongside 64-bit
armv7: The 32-bit ARM only execution state of the ARMv7 devices machines.
aarch64: The 64-bit ARM only execution state of the ARMv8 device machines.
ppc64le: For 64-bit PowerPC devices with pure little-endian mode, mostly for POWER8 and POWER9.
s390x: For IBM Z mainframes, especially IBM Z and IBM LinuxONE.
mips64: The MIPS 64-bit ISA.
It can be installed to a hard disk/SSD/other storage medium like any other distro; (sys mode). The storage medium in question can be any block device (USB, Flash, SDD, HDD). Always in start, the base Alpine system and all your changes will be unpacked into a memory-based filesystem. If run some install script process (data mode) will keep your setup on a hard disk/SSD/other storage medium, rather than unpacking into memory. The default setup here is to store your /var partition directly on the hard storage medium. But as in the diskless mode, your root system still comes from a static ISO image.
The installation
In Alpine's case, the installer consists of the /sbin/setup-* scripts, which are also part of the alpine-conf package.
A base Alpine install will include only needed packages such like alpine-base, syslinux, linux-lts (or another kernel package), and depending of purpose some like openssh/chrony.
Alpine's boot loader case this is syslinux, or its companions isolinux or extlinux. Lasted releases has Grub and UEFI support.
The init system
An "init system" includes several different components. First, there is the initramfs loaded by the bootloader. Alpine's tool for generating these is /sbin/mkinitfs, part of the mkinitfs package, which is required by Alpine's kernel packages and by its syslinux package. This tool's settings are read from /etc/mkinitfs/*, and it installs the initscript /usr/share/mkinitfs/initramfs-init into the initramfs.
Second, Alpine uses OpenRC to handle the rest of its initscripts. The base framework of this is in the openrc package, which is required by alpine-conf.
The packaging and development system
The last important distinguishing feature of a Linux distro is its packaging and development systems.
In Alpine's case, these are something a hybrid between ArchLinux's, on the one hand, and Gentoo and FreeBSD's, on the other. Our package-management and build utilities work much like Arch's:
mkinitfs, mentioned above, rebuilds Alpine's initramfs, like Arch's "mkinitcpio"
apk from apk-tools is Alpine's package manager, like Arch's "pacman"; see Alpine Linux package management
abuild is Alpine's build utility, like Arch's "makepkg"; see Abuild and Helpers
Alpine's package-building scripts are named APKBUILD, like Arch's "PKGBUILD"
What Alpine borrows from Gentoo and FreeBSD is a tree of all the package-building scripts. We call this our Aports tree, and we keep it as a git repository. (Compare Gentoo's "Portage" and FreeBSD's "ports". You can setup something similar with Arch's "abs", but it's not as tightly integrated with their package manager and build utilities.)
If you're only planning to install packages on a given system, and not do any development there, then the only pieces of this you'll need are mkinitfs and apk-tools, both included in a base Alpine install. If you do plan to do development, install alpine-sdk, which includes gcc, git, abuild, and the like, and see Developer Documentation.
-- Alpine Linux has one of the fastest boot times of any operating system.
-- Famous because of its small size, it's heavily used in containers.
-- Also well know for wide use in embedded devices and as a base system for many enterprise routers.
-- The postmarketOS project which is designed to run on mobile devices is based on Alpine Linux.
Alpine Linux follows the principles of the SSS distro: Simple+Small+Secure: due to usage of muslc as the minimalist libc, BusyBox simple coreutils (with possibilities to alternate on inflated original packages of each coreutils tools also) and userland binaries compiled as Position Independent Executables (PIE) with stack smashing protection.
Usage of muslc as the minimalist libc
Its own package manager called apk,
the openrc init system, script driven set-ups and that’s it!
busybox simple coreutils (with possibilities to alternate on inflated original packages of each coreutils tools also)
This provides you with a simple, crystal-clear Linux environment without all the noise, nothing else will get in the way.
All userland binaries are compiled as Position Independent Executables (PIE) with stack smashing protection.
A variety of architectures are officially supports:
x86_64: The popular AMD64 compatible 64-bit x86 based machines, i386 are not recommended for newer/lasted hardware.
x86: (i386 pc 32bit) and x86_64 (i686 pc 64bit and amd64)
armhf: The newer ARM hard-float for newer, more powerful 32-bit devices alongside 64-bit
armv7: The 32-bit ARM only execution state of the ARMv7 devices machines.
aarch64: The 64-bit ARM only execution state of the ARMv8 device machines.
ppc64le: For 64-bit PowerPC devices with pure little-endian mode, mostly for POWER8 and POWER9.
s390x: For IBM Z mainframes, especially IBM Z and IBM LinuxONE.
mips64: The MIPS 64-bit ISA.
It can be installed to a hard disk/SSD/other storage medium like any other distro; (sys mode). The storage medium in question can be any block device (USB, Flash, SDD, HDD). Always in start, the base Alpine system and all your changes will be unpacked into a memory-based filesystem. If run some install script process (data mode) will keep your setup on a hard disk/SSD/other storage medium, rather than unpacking into memory. The default setup here is to store your /var partition directly on the hard storage medium. But as in the diskless mode, your root system still comes from a static ISO image.
The installation
In Alpine's case, the installer consists of the /sbin/setup-* scripts, which are also part of the alpine-conf package.
A base Alpine install will include only needed packages such like alpine-base, syslinux, linux-lts (or another kernel package), and depending of purpose some like openssh/chrony.
Alpine's boot loader case this is syslinux, or its companions isolinux or extlinux. Lasted releases has Grub and UEFI support.
The init system
An "init system" includes several different components. First, there is the initramfs loaded by the bootloader. Alpine's tool for generating these is /sbin/mkinitfs, part of the mkinitfs package, which is required by Alpine's kernel packages and by its syslinux package. This tool's settings are read from /etc/mkinitfs/*, and it installs the initscript /usr/share/mkinitfs/initramfs-init into the initramfs.
Second, Alpine uses OpenRC to handle the rest of its initscripts. The base framework of this is in the openrc package, which is required by alpine-conf.
The packaging and development system
The last important distinguishing feature of a Linux distro is its packaging and development systems.
In Alpine's case, these are something a hybrid between ArchLinux's, on the one hand, and Gentoo and FreeBSD's, on the other. Our package-management and build utilities work much like Arch's:
mkinitfs, mentioned above, rebuilds Alpine's initramfs, like Arch's "mkinitcpio"
apk from apk-tools is Alpine's package manager, like Arch's "pacman"; see Alpine Linux package management
abuild is Alpine's build utility, like Arch's "makepkg"; see Abuild and Helpers
Alpine's package-building scripts are named APKBUILD, like Arch's "PKGBUILD"
What Alpine borrows from Gentoo and FreeBSD is a tree of all the package-building scripts. We call this our Aports tree, and we keep it as a git repository. (Compare Gentoo's "Portage" and FreeBSD's "ports". You can setup something similar with Arch's "abs", but it's not as tightly integrated with their package manager and build utilities.)
If you're only planning to install packages on a given system, and not do any development there, then the only pieces of this you'll need are mkinitfs and apk-tools, both included in a base Alpine install. If you do plan to do development, install alpine-sdk, which includes gcc, git, abuild, and the like, and see Developer Documentation.
Code:
https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Installation
Code:
https://wiki.alpinelinux.org/wiki/Main_Page
Code:
https://docs.alpinelinux.org
Code:
https://git.alpinelinux.org/aports/log/?h=v3.15.0
HTTP:
https://dl-cdn.alpinelinux.org/alpine/v3.15/releases/x86_64/
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